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The crystalline lens allows to focus images on the retina; with the passing of time, it may become opaque and that’s when cataract occurs. Depending on the opacity level, there can be three types of cataracts:
The most important symptom is a progressive loss of vision. At first, there is little visual discomfort, since the clouding of the lens (cataract) could be limited to small areas. Over time though, the following symptoms occur:
Cataract does not cause pain. The appearance of these symptoms could also represent a warning sign for other eye related diseases: the best thing to do is to consult an ophthalmologist for further diagnosis.
Cataract and glaucoma (or cataract and myopia) represent a particular pair: cataract surgery often turns out to improve the other disease as well.
Nuclear cataract: a type of cataract that usually occurs during adulthood. The nucleus of the lens loses its transparency becoming opacified, hence the name.
Cortical cataract: involves the external part of the lens and may develop as a result of trauma
Secondary cataract: happens after cataract surgery and consists of a clouding of the lens. It is treated with a laser called Yag Laser Capsulotomy.
There is no need for surgery in the operating room since this is an outpatient treatment. This kind of cataract usually occurs 1 to 5 years after surgery.
Although it is still unclear how to protect against cataract, people over 60 years of age are considered at risk for vision related problems. If you’re 60 or more, it is advisable to undergo an eye examination with pupil dilation at least every two years.
This examination allows to spot the first signs of cataract symptoms, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and other vision disorders. To prevent eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration, it is also appropriate to: